1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Ahnen, DJ et al. Colorectal Cancer Statistics , 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(3):177-93. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
2. Alwan NA. Breast cancer : demographic characteristics and clinico-pathological presentation of patients in Iraq. East Mediterr Heal J. 2010;16(11):1159-64. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
3. Iraqi Cancer Board. Results of the Iraq Cancer Registry 2012. Baghdad, Iraq; 2015.
4. Mason JB. Biomarkers of Nutrient Exposure and Status in One-Carbon (Methyl) Metabolism. J Nutr. 2003 Mar 1;133(3):941S-947S. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
5. Yamada K. Cobalt: Its Role in Health and Disease. In: Metal ions in life sciences. 2013 . p. 295-320. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
6. Miller A, Korem M, Almog R et al. Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2005 Jun 15;233(1-2):93-7. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
7. Nielsen MJ RM, Andersen CB, Nexo E, Moestrup SK. Vitamin B12 transport from food to the body's cells--a sophisticated, multistep pathway. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;9(6):345-54. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
8. R C. Biomarkers of cobalamin (vitamin B-12) status in the epidemiologic setting: a critical overview of context, applications, and performance characteristics of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and holotranscobalamin II. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(1):348-58. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
9. Hultdin J, Guelpen B Van, Bergh A. Plasma folate , vitamin B12 , and homocysteine and prostate cancer risk : A prospective study. Int J Cancer. 2005;113:819-24. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
10. Dowd P, Shapiro M, Kang K. Mechanism of action of vitamin B12. J Am Chem Soc. 1975 Aug;97(16):4754-7. [
DOI]
11. Cooper AJ. Biochemistry of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983 Jun;52(1):187-222. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
12. Mason JB LT. Folate: effects on carcinogenesis and the potential for cancer chemoprevention. Oncol . 1996 Nov;10(11):1727-36, 1742-3; discussion 1743-4. [
Google Scholar]
13. Eto I KC. Role of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in carcinogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986;206:313-30. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
14. Arendt JF PL, Nexo E, Sørensen HT. Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels as a marker for cancer: a population-based cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(23):1799-805. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
15. Chang SC GB, Mu L, et al. . Plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine and cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and liver in a Chinese population. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(2):212-23. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
16. Zhang SM, Willett WC, Selhub J, Hunter DJ, Giovannucci EL, Holmes MD, et al. Plasma Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Risk of Breast Cancer. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Mar 5;95(5):373-80. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
17. Kana W, Helzlsouer KJ, Comstock GW, Hoffman SC, Nadeau MR and SJ. A prospective study on folate, B12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (B6) and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999;8:209-17. [
Google Scholar]
18. Lin J, Lee IM, Cook NR, Selhub J, Manson JE et al. Plasma folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and risk of breast cancer in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar 1;87(3):734-43. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
19. Matejcic M, Batlle JD, Ricci C, Biessy C, Perrier F et al. Biomarkers of folate and vitamin B12 and breast cancer risk : report from the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer Biomarkers. 2017;140:1246-59. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
20. Luczak MW JP. The role of DNA methylation in cancer development. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2006;44(3):143-54. [
Google Scholar]
21. Dizik M, Christman JK WE. Alterations in expression and methylation of specific gene in livers of rats fed a cancer promoting methyl-deficient diet. Carcinogenesis. 1991 Jul;12(7):1307-12. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]
22. Wu W, Kang S, Zhang D. Association of vitamin B 6, vitamin B 12 and methionine with risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(7):1926-44. [
DOI] [
Google Scholar]