Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Jorjani Biomed J 2024, 12(3): 6-10 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Pourasghari Siah Astalkhi S, Tayebi S M, Moradi L, Eslami R. The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training with spirulina supplementation on apoptotic markers in the hippocampal tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Jorjani Biomed J 2024; 12 (3) :6-10
URL: http://goums.ac.ir/jorjanijournal/article-1-1042-en.html
URL: http://goums.ac.ir/jorjanijournal/article-1-1042-en.html
1- Department of Sports Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran ,Tayebism@gmail.com
3- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran ,
3- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (1439 Views)
Background: Obesity leads to neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidant supplements have been reported separately, their interactive effect on neuronal apoptosis in obesity is still not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT with Sp supplementation on apoptotic markers in the hippocampal tissue of high-fat diet-(HFD) induced obese rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 obese male Sprague-Dawley rats (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) were randomly divided into four groups of six rats, including 1) HFD, 2) HFD+Sp, 3) HFD+HIIT, and 4) HFD+HIIT+Sp. Also, six healthy rats were selected as the HC group to investigate the effects of HFD on research variables. Subsequently, HIIT was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of 80-110% of maximum running speed and 2-8 high-intensity intervals. Also, Sp supplement was taken orally during this period with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Bax and BCL-2 levels were measured with qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of data (p ≤0.05).
Results: In the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL-2 ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than the HFD group (p=0.001). In the HFD+Sp group, BCL-2 levels were higher and Bax/BCL-2 ratios were lower than HFD group (p=0.008). Also, in the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than HFD+Sp group (p≤0.05). In addition, in the HFD+HIIT+Sp group, Bax levels were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than in the HFD+HIIT group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that although HIIT and Sp supplement separately have an anti-apoptotic effect, their interactive effect on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue in obesity conditions is more obvious than the effect of each one alone.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 obese male Sprague-Dawley rats (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) were randomly divided into four groups of six rats, including 1) HFD, 2) HFD+Sp, 3) HFD+HIIT, and 4) HFD+HIIT+Sp. Also, six healthy rats were selected as the HC group to investigate the effects of HFD on research variables. Subsequently, HIIT was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of 80-110% of maximum running speed and 2-8 high-intensity intervals. Also, Sp supplement was taken orally during this period with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Bax and BCL-2 levels were measured with qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of data (p ≤0.05).
Results: In the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL-2 ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than the HFD group (p=0.001). In the HFD+Sp group, BCL-2 levels were higher and Bax/BCL-2 ratios were lower than HFD group (p=0.008). Also, in the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than HFD+Sp group (p≤0.05). In addition, in the HFD+HIIT+Sp group, Bax levels were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than in the HFD+HIIT group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that although HIIT and Sp supplement separately have an anti-apoptotic effect, their interactive effect on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue in obesity conditions is more obvious than the effect of each one alone.
Type of Article: Original article |
Subject:
General medicine
Received: 2024/07/7 | Accepted: 2024/09/3 | Published: 2025/05/21
Received: 2024/07/7 | Accepted: 2024/09/3 | Published: 2025/05/21
References
1. Kim C, Fryar C, Ogden CL. Epidemiology of obesity. In: Handbook of epidemiology. New York:Springer;2023. p.1-47 [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
2. Hosseini SA, Norouzi S, Rafiee N, Farzanegi P, Salehi O, Farkhaie F. Interactive Effects of Endurance Training and Crocin on Aerobic Capacity, Dietary Intake and Weight of High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats. J Nutr Sci Diet. 2018;4(3):65-74. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
3. Hosseini SA, Hamzavi K, Safarzadeh H, Salehi O. Interactive effect of swimming training and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract on glycemic indices and lipid profile in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2023;129(2):349-53. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
4. Li H, Ren J, Li Y, Wu Q, Wei J. Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1134025. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
5. Naomi R, Teoh SH, Embong H, Balan SS, Othman F, Bahari H, et al. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Obesity and Its Impact on Cognitive Impairments-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12(5):1071. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
6. Nikbin S, Fardad G, Yazdi S, Bahman MH, Ettefagh P, Khalegi F, et al. RETRACTED: Aerobic exercise training reduces deep-frying oil-induced apoptosis of hippocampal tissue by reducing oxidative stress in male rats. J Chem Neuroanat. 2023;133:102328. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
7. Muscella A, Stefàno E, Marsigliante S. The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol. 2020;319(1):H76-88. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
8. de Souza RF, de Moraes SRA, Augusto RL, de Freitas Zanona A, Matos D, Aidar FJ, et al. Endurance training on rodent brain antioxidant capacity: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Res. 2019;145:1-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
9. Camiletti‐Moirón D, Aparicio VA, Aranda P, Radak Z. Does exercise reduce brain oxidative stress? A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(4):e202-12. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
10. Ni C, Ji Y, Hu K, Xing K, Xu Y, Gao Y. Effect of exercise and antioxidant supplementation on cellular lipid peroxidation in elderly individuals: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Physiol. 2023;14:01-14. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
11. Ghanbari P, Khajehzadeh S, Sayyed A, Raeisi D, Salehi O. The effect of high intensity interval training with beetroot (Beta vulgaris) juice supplementation on serotonin and dopamine receptors expression, anxiety and depression in middle-aged diabetic rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2022;12(6):627-37. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
12. Bohórquez-Medina SL, Bohórquez-Medina AL, Zapata VAB, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Bendezu-Quispe G, et al. Impact of spirulina supplementation on obesity-related metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NFS J. 2021;25:21-30. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
13. Trotta T, Porro C, Cianciulli A, Panaro MA. Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health. Nutrients. 2022;14(3):676. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
14. Agahi MRH, Mosallanejad Z, Salehi OR. The effects of resistance training and spirulina on the performance of the antioxidant system with emphasis on mir125b, mir146a and cognitive function in stanazolol-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2022;366:110112. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
15. Abouzed TK, Soliman MM, Khatab SA, Gouda WM, Eldomany EB, Dorghamm DA. The protective impacts of Spirulina platensis against cisplatin-induced renal injury through the regulation of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and Bax/Bcl2. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2022;11(1):169-78. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
16. Babaei M, Abdi A, Mehrabani J, Daloii AA. The Effect of Aerobic Training and Spirulina on Nesfatin-1 and Peptide YY in Overweight Elderly Men: A randomized trial. Iran J Heal Sci. 2022; [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
17. Gajda AM. High fat diets for diet-induced obesity models. Res Diets. 2008;8:1-3. [View at Publisher] [Google Scholar]
18. Azhdari A, Hosseini SA, Farsi S. Antioxidant effect of high intensity interval training on cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Gene, Cell Tissue. 2019;6(3):e94671. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
19. Gad AS, Khadrawy YA, El-Nekeety AA, Mohamed SR, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects of whey protein and Spirulina in rats. Nutrition. 2011;27(5):582-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
20. Schmitt LO, Gaspar JM. Obesity-induced brain neuroinflammatory and mitochondrial changes. Metabolites. 2023;13(1):86. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
21. Andreotti DZ, Silva J do N, Matumoto AM, Orellana AM, De Mello PS, Kawamoto EM. Effects of physical exercise on autophagy and apoptosis in aged brain: Human and animal studies. Front Nutr. 2020;7:94. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
22. Cheng SM, Lee SD. Exercise training enhances BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and inhibits apoptosis in diabetic cerebral cortex. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(12):6740. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
23. Liu Y, Guo W, Hong SL. Aerobic exercise mitigates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by regulating DAPK1/CDKN2A/REDD1/FoXO1/FasL signaling pathway in D‐galactose‐induced aging mice. FASEB J. 2023;37(10):e23205. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
24. Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise restores hypothalamic health in obesity by reshaping the inflammatory network. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12(2):297. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
25. Hugues N, Pin-Barre C, Brioche T, Pellegrino C, Berton E, Rivera C, et al. High-intensity training with short and long intervals regulate cortical neurotrophic factors, apoptosis markers and chloride homeostasis in rats with stroke. Physiol Behav. 2023;266:114190. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
26. Almeida T, Manfroi G, Silva S, Beggiora P, Schwingel D, Bertolin TE. Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Spirulina platensis: Insights Into Hemorrhagic Volume and Histological Outcomes. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42078. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
27. Saraswathi K, Kavitha CHN. Spirulina: Pharmacological Activities and Health Benefits. J Young Pharm. 2023;15(3):441-7. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
28. Sorrenti V, Castagna DA, Fortinguerra S, Buriani A, Scapagnini G, Willcox DC. Spirulina microalgae and brain health: A scoping review of experimental and clinical evidence. Mar Drugs. 2021;19(6):293. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
29. Behairy A, Elkomy A, Elsayed F, Gaballa MMS, Soliman A, Aboubakr M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of spirulina and thymoquinone mitigate the methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397(3):1875-88. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
30. Supriya R, Delfan M, Saeidi A, Samaie SS, Al Kiyumi MH, Escobar KA, et al. Spirulina Supplementation with High-Intensity Interval Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity. Nutrients. 2023;15(23):4891. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
