Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)                   Jorjani Biomed J 2022, 10(3): 51-60 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print


1- Oral & Maxillofacial medicine department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahwaz University of medical sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
2- Oral & Maxillofacial medicine specialist, Tehran, Iran
3- Dentist, Ahwaz,Iran
4- Oral & Maxillofacial medicine department, Faculty of Dentistry, Aja University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran , m_sadrzade@alumnus.tums.ac.ir
Abstract:   (1724 Views)
Background and Objectives: Xerostomia has been defined as the dry mouth sensation due to hyposalivation or change in saliva composition. Many herbal medicines have been used as treatment options. Since the combination of aloe vera extract and honey, and Lemon is suggested as a potent oral moisturizer, limited studies have been done in this field. Therefore, we decided to compare the effects of these two moisturizers in cases of xerostomia.
Material and Methods: a combination of aloe vera extract and honey, lemon extract, and placebo mouthwashes were provided to 30 participants suffering from xerostomia. Each patient used three types of mouthwash in the following order: For the first mouthwash, the patients were asked to express their sensation of dry mouth using VAS on the first, third, and fifth days. This was followed by a one-week rest period in which patients did not use mouthwash. The same process was repeated to measure the second and third mouthwashes.
Results: Lemon and a combination of aloe vera extract and honey were both found to be significantly effective in reducing the dry mouth sensation. However, lemon was significantly more effective in this regard. Placebo was significantly less effective than both extracts and overall had no statistically significant impact on the dry mouth sensation (p<0.001)
Conclusion: Lemon mouthwash was significantly more effective than a combination of aloe vera and honey. Thus, it is recommended to improve dry mouth sensation.

Full-Text [PDF 617 kb]   (857 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (512 Views)  
Type of Article: Original article | Subject: Health
Received: 2022/05/16 | Accepted: 2022/08/20 | Published: 2022/09/13

References
1. Turner MD, Ship JA. Dry mouth and its effects on the oral health of elderly people. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2007 Sep 1;138:S15-20. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
2. Nederfors T. Xerostomia and hyposalivation. Advances in dental research. 2000 Dec;14(1):48-56. [DOI] [PMID]
3. Lopez-Jornet P, Bermejo-Fenoll A. Disorders of secretion: hiposecretion and sialorrhea. Medicina oral: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Oral y de la Academia Iberoamericana de Patologia y Medicina Bucal. 1996;1(2):96-106. [Google Scholar]
4. Bergdahl M. Salivary flow and oral complaints in adult dental patients. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2000 Feb;28(1):59-66. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
5. Astor FC, Hanft KL, Ciocon JO. Xerostomia: a prevalent condition in the elderly. Ear, nose & throat journal. 1999 Jul;78(7):476-9. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
6. Dodds MW, Johnson DA, Yeh CK. Health benefits of saliva: a review. Journal of dentistry. 2005 Mar 1;33(3):223-33. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
7. Dijkema T, Raaijmakers CP, Braam PM, Roesink JM, Monninkhof EM, Terhaard CH. Xerostomia: a day and night difference. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 2012 Aug 1;104(2):219-23. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
8. Saleh J, Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Salivary hypofunction: an update on aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutics. Archives of oral biology. 2015 Feb 1;60(2):242-55. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
9. Narhi TO, Meurman JH, Ainamo A, Nevalainen JM, Schmidt-Kaunisaho KG, Siukosaari P, Valvanne J, Erkinjuntti T, Tilvis R, Makila E. Association between salivary flow rate and the use of systemic medication among 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old inhabitants in Helsinki, Finland. Journal of dental research. 1992 Dec;71(12):1875-80. [DOI] [PMID]
10. Sreebny LM, Schwartz SS. A reference guide to drugs and dry mouth-2nd edition. Gerodontology. 1997 Jul;14(1):33-47. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
11. Lin SC, Jen YM, Chang YC, Lin CC. Assessment of xerostomia and its impact on quality of life in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, and validation of the Taiwanese version of the xerostomia questionnaire. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2008 Aug 1;36(2):141-8. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
12. Scully C, Felix DH. Oral Medicine-Update for the dental practitioner: Dry mouth and disorders of salivation. British dental journal. 2005 Oct 8;199(7). [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
13. Erdem Ö, Güngörmüs Z. The effect of royal jelly on oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2014 Jul 1;28(4):242-6. [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
14. Ames NJ, Sulima P, Yates JM, McCullagh L, Gollins SL, Soeken K, Wallen GR. Effects of systematic oral care in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. American Journal of Critical Care. 2011 Sep;20(5):e103-14. [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
15. Takeyasu Y, Yamane GY, Tonogi M, Watanabe Y, Nishikubo S, Serita R, Imura K. Ventilator-associated pneumonia risk decreased by use of oral moisture gel in oral health care. The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College. 2014;55(2):95-102. [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
16. Kiyoshi-Teo H, Blegen M. Influence of institutional guidelines on oral hygiene practices in intensive care units. American Journal of Critical Care. 2015 Jul;24(4):309-18. [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
17. Fields LB. Oral care intervention to reduce incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the neurologic intensive care unit. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2008 Oct 1;40(5):291-8. [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
18. Gupta VK, Malhotra S. Pharmacological attribute of Aloe vera: Revalidation through experimental and clinical studies. Ayu. 2012 Apr;33(2):193. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
19. Hur MH, Park J, Maddock‐Jennings W, Kim DO, Lee MS. Reduction of mouth malodour and volatile sulphur compounds in intensive care patients using an essential oil mouthwash. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2007 Jul;21(7):641-3. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
20. Morales‐Bozo I, Rojas G, Ortega‐Pinto A, Espinoza I, Soto L, Plaza A, Lozano C, Urzúa B. Evaluation of the efficacy of two mouthrinses formulated for the relief of xerostomia of diverse origin in adult subjects. Gerodontology. 2012 Jun;29(2):e1103-12. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
21. Subhash AV, Suneela S, Anuradha C, Bhavani SN, Babu MS. The role of Aloe vera in various fields of medicine and dentistry. Journal of Orofacial Sciences. 2014 Jan 1;6(1):5. [view at publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
22. Radha MH, Laxmipriya NP. Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. 2015 Jan 1;5(1):21-6. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
23. Chhina S, Singh A, Menon I, Singh R, Sharma A, Aggarwal V. A randomized clinical study for comparative evaluation of Aloe Vera and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash efficacy on de-novo plaque formation. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. 2016 May;6(3):251. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
24. Nair GR, Naidu GS, Jain S, Nagi R, Makkad RS, Jha A. Clinical effectiveness of aloe vera in the management of oral mucosal diseases-a systematic review. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2016 Aug;10(8):ZE01. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
25. Murakami M, Wei MX, Ding W, Zhang QD. Effects of Chinese herbs on salivary fluid secretion by isolated and perfused rat submandibular glands. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2009 Aug 21;15(31):3908. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
26. Glick M. Burket's oral medicine. PMPH USA; 2015. [Google Scholar]
27. Klimek L, Bergmann KC, Biedermann T, Bousquet J, Hellings P, Jung K, Merk H, Olze H, Schlenter W, Stock P, Ring J. Visual analogue scales (VAS): Measuring instruments for the documentation of symptoms and therapy monitoring in cases of allergic rhinitis in everyday health care. Allergo journal international. 2017 Feb 1;26(1):16-24. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
28. Pandey M, Reddy V, Wanjari PV. Comparative evaluation of citric acid and TENS as means for salivary stimulation in adults: An Invivo study. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2019 Jan 1;31(1):36. [view at publisher] [Google Scholar]
29. Murugesh J, Annigeri RG, Raheel SA, Azzeghaiby S, Alshehri M, Kujan O. Effect of yogurt and pH equivalent lemon juice on salivary flow rate in healthy volunteers-An experimental crossover study. Interventional Medicine and Applied Science. 2015 Dec;7(4):147-51. [view at publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
30. Talha B, Swarnkar SA. Xerostomia. StatPearls (Internet). 2020 Jun 7. [Google Scholar]
31. Ghapanchi J, Rezazadeh F, Fakhraee E, Zamani A. Prevalence of Xerostomia in Patients Referred to Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz, Iran during 2006-2013. Iranian journal of public health. 2016 Dec;45(12):1665. [Google Scholar]
32. Femiano F, Rullo R, di Spirito F, Lanza A, Festa VM, Cirillo N. A comparison of salivary substitutes versus a natural sialogogue (citric acid) in patients complaining of dry mouth as an adverse drug reaction: a clinical, randomized controlled study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2011 Jul 1;112(1):e15-20. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
33. Badooei F, Imani E, Hosseini-Teshnizi S, Banar M, Memarzade MR. Comparison of the effect of ginger and aloe vera mouthwashes on xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes: A clinical trial, triple-blind. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 2021 Jul;26(4):e408. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
34. Saavedra JA, Muñoz RP, Alcayaga GR, Tarquinio SC, da-Silva KD, Ramires RF, Bozo IM. Salivary flow rate response to stimulation with 2% citric acid in patients with xerostomia. Journal of Oral Diagnosis. 2018;3(1):1-6. [Google Scholar]
35. Atashi V, Yazdannik A, Mahjobipoor H, Ghafari S, Bekhradi R, Yousefi H. The effects of Aloe vera-Peppermint (Veramin) moisturizing gel on mouth dryness and oral health among patients hospitalized in intensive care units: A triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of research in pharmacy practice. 2018 Apr;7(2):104. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID] [Google Scholar]
36. Salum FG, Medella‐Junior FD, Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K. Salivary hypofunction: An update on therapeutic strategies. Gerodontology. 2018 Dec;35(4):305-16. [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
37. Gholizadeh N, Sheykhbahaei N, Sadrzadeh-Afshar MS. New Treatment Approaches of Oral Mucositis: A Review of Literature. Adv Hum Biol 2016;6:66-72. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.